Kubernetes

This library allows you to perform deployments to static or ephemeral Kubernetes application environments with Helm

Steps Provided

Table 1. Steps
Step	Description
`deploy_to()`	Performs a deployment using Helm
`ephemeral(Closure body, ApplicationEnvironment)`	Creates a short-lived application environment for testing

Library Configurations

The configurations for the Kubernetes library can be specified in the library spec or on a per application environment.

Kubernetes Credential and Context

The Kubernetetes Credential is the Jenkins credential defined as a Secrets file that holds the kubeconfig fie contents with access information to the kubernetes target environments. The Kubernetes Context is the context within the kubeconfig that should be used to identify the target environment for deployment.

You would specify this as follows:

application_environments{
  dev{
    short_name = "dev"
    long_name = "Development"
  }
  test{
    short_name = "test"
    long_name = "Test"
    k8s_context = "test"
  }
  prod{
    short_name = "prod"
    long_name = "Production"
    k8s_credential = "cluster1-config"
    k8s_context = "production"
  }
}
libraries{
  kubernetes{
    k8s_credential = "cluster2-config"
    k8s_context = "dev"
  }
}

With this configuration, dev context within the cluster2-config would be used when deploying to dev and the test context within the cluster2-config would be used when deploying to test while production context within the cluster1-config would be used when deploying to prod. Together k8s_credential and k8s_context uniquely identify the target environment for deployment.

Helm Configuration

We use Helm for a deployment mechanism to Kubernetes. Helm is a package manager and templating engine for Kubernetes manifests. Using Helm, the typical YAML manifests used to deploy to Kubernetes distributions can be templatized for reuse. In our case, a different values file is used for each static application environment.

Create Helm Configuration Repository

You’ll need to create a GitHub repository to store the helm chart for your application(s). See the helm docs on provisioning a new chart to get intialize the repository with the skeleton for your chart.

How you choose to build your helm chart is up to you, you can put every api object in the templates directory or have subcharts for each individual microservice. SDP doesn’t care, as all it does is clone the github repository and deploy the chart using the specified values file.

Values File Conventions

Given that we tag container images using the git SHA, SDP will clone your helm configuration repository and update a key corresponding to the current version of each container image for each application environment.

As such, a certain syntax is required in your values file. You must have an image_shas key. SDP will automatically add subkeys for each repositories under this image_shas with a value that is the git SHA.

Given that YAML keys can’t have hyphens, hyphens in repository names will be replaced with underscores.

image_shas:
  my_sample_application: abcdefgh
  another_repo: abcdef

you can add whatever other keys are necessary to appropriately parameterize your helm chart.

Helm Configurations for the Library

The helm configuration repository and github credential can be configured globally in the library spec and overriden for specific application environments.

The values file to will default to values.${app_env.short_name}.yaml, or can be overridden via app_env.chart_values_file.

The name of the release will default to app_env.short_name, or can be overridden via app_env.release_name

An example of helm configurations:

application_environments{
  dev{
    short_name = "dev"
    long_name = "Development"
    chart_values_file = "dev_values.yaml"
  }
  test{
    short_name = "test"
    long_name = "Test"
    release_name = "banana"

  }
  prod{
    short_name = "prod"
    long_name = "Production"
  }
}
libraries{
  kubernetes{
    helm_configuration_repository = "https://github.boozallencsn.com/Red-Hat-Summit/helm-configuration.git"
    helm_configuration_repository_credential = "github"
  }
}

Promoting Images

It’s often beneficial to build a container image once, and then promote that image through different application environments. This makes it possible to test the content of an image once in a lower environment, and remain confident that the results of those tests would be the same as an image is promoted. Promoting images also speeds up the CI/CD pipeline, as building a container image is often the most time-consuming part of the pipeline.

By default, the deploy_to() step of the kubernetes pipeline library will promote a container image if it can expect one to exist, which is when the most recent code change was a merge into the given code branch. The image would be expected to be built from an earlier commit, or while there was an open PR.

You can override this default for the entire pipeline by setting the promote_previous_image config setting to false. You can also choose whether or not to promote images for each application environment individually through the promote_previous_image application_environment setting. This app_env setting takes priority over the config setting.

An example of these settings' usage:

application_environments{
  dev{
    short_name = "dev"
    long_name = "Development"
    promote_previous_image = false
  }
  prod{
    short_name = "prod"
    long_name = "Production"
  }
}
libraries{
  kubernetes{
    helm_configuration_repository = "https://github.boozallencsn.com/Red-Hat-Summit/helm-configuration.git"
    helm_configuration_repository_credential = "github"
    k8s_credential = "cluster1-config"
    k8s_context = "staging"
    promote_previous_image = true //note: making this setting true is redundant, since true is the default
  }
}

Putting It All Together

Table 2. Kubernetes Library Configuration Options
Field	Description	Default Value	Defined On (Library Config or Application Environment)
k8s_credential	The Jenkins credential ID defined as a Secrets File that holds the kubeconfig file		both
helm_configuration_repository	The GitHub Repository containing the helm chart(s) for this application		both
helm_configuration_repository_credential	The Jenkins credential ID to access the helm configuration GitHub repository		both
k8s_context	The Jenkins credential ID specifying the context within the k8s_credential kubeconfig that identifies the target environment		both
chart_values_file	The values file to use for the release		app_env
promote_previous_image	Whether or not to promote a previously-built image	(Boolean) true	both

application_environments{
  dev{
    short_name = "dev"
    long_name = "Development"
    chart_values_file = "dev_values.yaml"
  }
  test{
    short_name = "test"
    long_name = "Test"
    k8s_credential = "test-context"
  }
  prod{
    short_name = "prod"
    long_name = "Production"
    k8s_credential = "prod-clusters"
    k8s_context = "canary-context"
    promote_previous_image = true
  }
}
libraries{
  kubernetes{
    k8s_credential = "dev-test-clusters"
    helm_configuration_repository = "https://github.boozallencsn.com/Red-Hat-Summit/helm-configuration.git"
    helm_configuration_repository_credential = "github"
    k8s_credential = "dev-context"
    promote_previous_image = false
  }
}

External Dependencies

Target Kubernetes cluster is deployed and accessible from Jenkins
Helm configuration repository creates
Values files contain the image_shas key convention
A Jenkins credential exists to access helm configuration repository
A Jenkins credential exists holding the kubeconfig file
A Jenkins credential exists specifying the current context within the kubeconfig

Troubleshooting

FAQ

Google Lighthouse

OpenShift